• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a preheating system (6) for a three-way catalyst (4) fitted to the exhaust circuit (1) of a gasoline engine of a vehicle comprising an exhaust manifold (8), said catalyst three-way (4) being disposed downstream of the outlet of the heat engine, the exhaust circuit (1) further comprising downstream of said three-way catalyst (4) a pipe (9) characterized in that said preheating system ( 6) comprises an air pump (10) mounted on a bypass duct (11) arranged in parallel with said pipe (9), said preheating system (6) further comprising a first valve (12), a second valve ( 13) and an electric catalyst (7), said electric catalyst (7) being arranged upstream of said three-way catalyst (4), said first valve (12) being arranged in said pipe (12) and said second valve (13) being disposed in said bypass duct (11). Abstract figure: Fig. 1
    公开号:FR3100275A1
    申请号:FR1909488
    申请日:2019-08-29
    公开日:2021-03-05
    发明作者:Alejandro Yarce；Faycal Souidi；Jean Philippe Lefevre；Martin Ribault-Menetiere
    申请人:PSA Automobiles SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a three-way catalyst preheating system and method equipping thermal gasoline engines with the aim of optimizing the pollution control of this type of engine.
    [0002] It is known from the state of the art of pollution control systems for thermal gasoline engines implementing, in particular, a three-way catalyst, having the acronym in English as TWC or `` Three-Way Catalyst '', and a filter with particles, having for acronym in English language GPF or "Gasoline Particle Filter". A three-way catalyst, also known as a catalytic converter, treats emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons in three main reactions using various precious metals such as platinum, palladium or rhodium. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Nitrogen oxides react with carbon monoxide to form nitrogen and carbon dioxide. About fifteen other reactions also take place within the three-way catalyst. Platinum and palladium accelerate chemical reactions relating to the treatment of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Rhodium, on the other hand, accelerates reactions between nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Regarding the particulate filter, its function is to limit the emissions of fine particles. A three-way catalyst manages to optimally treat pollutants when it has reached an operating temperature of between 300 ° C and 400 ° C. Below this temperature range, pollution control is not carried out correctly because the chemical reactions described above do not take place or otherwise do occur, but then with degraded efficiency. It has been proposed in the prior art to position the three-way catalyst as close as possible to the exhaust manifold in order to obtain a faster rise in temperature and thus improve efficiency during cold starts. Although this solution improves the pollution control of thermal gasoline engines, its efficiency nevertheless remains relatively modest during the cold start phase.
    [0003] The aim of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by providing a preheating system for a three-way catalyst fitted to a thermal gasoline engine in order to improve its efficiency during cold starts.
    [0004] To do this, the invention thus relates, in its broadest sense, to a preheating system for a three-way catalyst fitted to the exhaust circuit of a thermal gasoline engine of a vehicle comprising an exhaust manifold. connected to the outlet of said heat engine, said three-way catalyst being arranged downstream of the outlet of the heat engine, the exhaust circuit further comprising downstream of said three-way catalyst a pipe characterized in that said preheating system comprises a pump air mounted on a bypass duct arranged in parallel with said tubing, the inlet of said bypass duct being connected to said tubing and originates downstream of said three-way catalyst and the outlet of said bypass duct being connected to said tubing and is disposed downstream of said inlet of said bypass duct, said preheating system further comprising a first valve, a second valve and a catalyst r electric, said electric catalyst being disposed upstream of said three-way catalyst, said first valve being disposed in said tubing between the inlet of said bypass duct and the outlet of said bypass duct and said second valve being disposed in said bypass duct and upstream of said air pump.
    [0005] Thanks to the invention, the three-way catalyst reaches its optimum operating temperature more quickly than with the solution proposed in the prior art. Thus, the chemical reactions relating to the treatment of polluting emissions such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons occur as soon as the thermal gasoline engine is started, even when it is cold.
    [0006] Preferably, the electric power of said electric catalyst is between 2 and 4 KW. The electric catalytic converter thus consumes little electrical energy and the charge of the vehicle's battery is thus preserved.
    [0007] Preferably, the preheating system further comprises a particulate filter disposed downstream of said three-way catalyst. In this way, the pollution control is further improved.
    [0008] The subject of the invention is also a method for preheating a three-way catalyst for a thermal gasoline engine implementing a preheating system, said thermal engine comprising an electric circuit and a throttle valve, said method comprising the following steps:
    [0009] - a step of activating the electrical circuit of said heat engine;
    [0010] - a step of opening said throttle valve so as to allow fresh air to circulate in the exhaust circuit;
    [0011] - a step of closing said first valve and opening said second valve;
    [0012] - a step of activating said air pump in order to draw in fresh air and said electric catalyst in order to heat the fresh air;
    [0013] - a step of deactivating said air pump;
    [0014] - a step of opening said first valve and closing said second valve;
    [0015] - a step of starting said heat engine;
    [0016] - a step of deactivating said electric catalyst.
    [0017] Thanks to the invention, it is possible to treat the polluting emissions produced by a thermal gasoline engine as soon as it is started, even during a cold start. It should be understood by "cold start" that the petrol engine has not been running for some time and its temperature has dropped back to room temperature.
    [0018] Advantageously, the step of deactivating said electric catalyst takes place less than one second after the step of starting said heat engine. This can save electrical energy stored in the vehicle battery.
    [0019] Preferably, the step of deactivating said electric catalyst takes place between one and ten seconds after the step of starting said heat engine. In this way, pollution control is optimized.
    [0020] Preferably, the step of deactivating said electrical catalyst takes place when said three-way catalyst has reached a temperature between 250 ° C and 400 ° C.
    [0021] Advantageously, the step of deactivating said electrical catalyst takes place when said three-way catalyst has reached a temperature of approximately 300 ° C.
    [0022] In a preferred embodiment, before the step of activating said air pump, a step of determining the necessary activation time of said air pump and of said electric catalyst based on the power of the battery of said vehicle so that the catalyst three-way reaches its optimum operating temperature, the step of activating said air pump and said electric catalyst taking place for a period corresponding to the determined necessary activation time. This step optimizes the consumption of electrical energy from the vehicle's battery and optimizes pollution control.
    [0023] Preferably, the step of determining the necessary activation time is carried out by means of an electronic module implementing a computer program.
    [0024] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended figure in which:
    [0025] schematically illustrates part of the exhaust circuit of a thermal gasoline engine equipped with a preheating system according to one embodiment of the invention.
    [0026] In order to fully understand the characteristics of the invention, it should be emphasized that the terms “upstream”, “downstream”, “inlet” and “outlet” are to be considered in relation to the direction of propagation of the gases. Likewise, it is assumed that the existence of a gas intake circuit for a heat engine is known.
    [0027] Figure 1 schematically illustrates a partial view of an exhaust circuit 1 of a gasoline engine comprising an exhaust manifold 8 connected to the outlet of said heat engine, a pollution control system 2 disposed downstream of said manifold. exhaust 8 and a pipe 9 disposed downstream of said depollution system 2. The depollution system 2 comprises a three-way catalyst 4, a particulate filter 5 and a preheating system 6, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The preheating system 6 has the function of preheating the three-way catalyst 4 before the start of said heat engine, in order to improve its efficiency and thus significantly reduce the pollutant emissions produced by said heat gasoline engine when it is started. During this preheating step, the temperature of said three-way catalyst 4 will be brought, for example, to approximately 300 ° C. in order to make it operate optimally. Another type of three-way catalyst 4 may have a different optimum operating temperature, such as 250 ° C or 350 ° C. The preheating system 6 comprises an electric catalyst 7 disposed downstream of the exhaust manifold 8 and upstream of the inlet of the three-way catalyst 4. The electric catalyst 7 is a heating element which has the function of increasing the temperature of said catalyst. three-way catalyst 4 up to its optimum operating temperature and this before starting said heat engine. The duration of this preheating depends on the time required for the three-way catalyst 4 to reach its optimum operating temperature. For example, this duration can vary between 2 and 10 seconds. The electric catalyst 7 has an electric power of 2 to 4 KW. The preheating system 6 further comprises an air pump 10 mounted on a bypass duct 11 arranged in parallel with said tubing 9, the inlet 14 of said bypass duct 11 originates downstream from said three-way catalyst 4, on said tubing 9. The outlet 15 of said bypass duct 11 is connected downstream of said tubing 9. The function of the air pump 10 is to suck in the fresh air passing through the heat engine, before it is started. A first valve 12 is disposed in the pipe 9, between the inlet 14 and the outlet 15 of said bypass duct 11. A second valve is disposed in said bypass duct 11, at its inlet 14. The process for preheating said three catalyst channels 4 according to the invention is described below. First of all, the electrical circuit of said heat engine is activated in order to supply electricity, in particular, to the air pump 10 and the electric catalyst 7. The throttle valve of the heat engine is then opened so as to leave air. fresh circulating in the exhaust circuit 1, the first valve 12 is closed and the second valve 13 is opened. The fresh air is thus drawn in by the air pump 10 and passes through the bypass duct 11. The electric catalyst 7 is activated in order to heat the fresh air and, consequently, the three-way catalyst 4 until it reaches its optimum operating temperature, for example 300 ° C. The time to reach the optimum operating temperature depends on the power of the vehicle's battery. Indeed, if the battery has a low power, the electric catalyst 7 will be activated for a longer time so that the three-way catalyst 4 reaches its optimum operating temperature. On the contrary, if the battery has a high power, the electric catalyst 7 will be activated for a shorter period. An electronic module (not shown), implementing a computer program, checks, during activation of the electrical circuit, the temperature of the three-way catalyst 4 in order to determine the necessary activation time (t) of said air pump 10 and said electric catalyst 7, so that the three-way catalyst 4 reaches its optimum operating temperature. The electric catalyst 7 is, for example, activated for about 10 seconds. When the electronic module determines that the optimum operating temperature is reached, the air pump 10 is deactivated, the first valve opens 12, the second valve 13 closes and the heat engine is started. The electric catalyst 7 is then deactivated less than a second after starting the heat engine. In an alternative embodiment, the electric catalyst 7 is deactivated between 2 and 10 seconds after starting the heat engine. This preheating process has the advantage of making the pollution control system effective by means of a three-way catalyst from the start of the thermal gasoline engine and thus significantly reducing the emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. and unburned hydrocarbons.
    [0028] The invention described implements a three-way catalyst having an optimum operating temperature of around 300 ° C. The invention can also be implemented for other types of three-way catalyst having optimum operating temperatures below or above 300 ° C. Furthermore, the invention can also be applied to devices which need to be heated in order to achieve an operating temperature higher than the ambient temperature.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    Preheating system (6) for a three-way catalyst (4) fitted to the exhaust circuit (1) of a gasoline engine of a vehicle comprising an exhaust manifold (8) connected to the outlet of said engine, said three-way catalyst (4) being disposed downstream of the outlet of the heat engine, the exhaust circuit (1) further comprising downstream of said three-way catalyst (4) a pipe (9) characterized in that said system of preheating (6) comprises an air pump (10) mounted on a bypass duct (11) arranged in parallel with said tubing (9), the inlet (14) of said bypass duct (11) being connected to said tubing ( 9) and originates downstream of said three-way catalyst (4) and the outlet (15) of said bypass duct (11) being connected to said pipe (9) and is disposed downstream of said inlet (14) of said bypass duct (11), said preheating system (6) further comprising a first valve (12), a second valve ( 13) and an electric catalyst (7), said electric catalyst (7) being disposed upstream of said three-way catalyst (4), said first valve (12) being disposed in said pipe (12) between the inlet (14) of said bypass duct (11) and the outlet (15) of said bypass duct (11) and said second valve (13) being disposed in said bypass duct (11) and upstream of said air pump (10).
    [0002]
    Preheating system (6) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electric power of said electric catalyst (7) is between 2 and 4 KW.
    [0003]
    Preheating system (6) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a particulate filter (5) disposed downstream of said three-way catalyst (4).
    [0004]
    A method of preheating a three-way catalyst (4) for a gasoline heat engine implementing a preheating system (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, said heat engine comprising an electric circuit and a throttle valve , said method comprising the following steps: - a step of activating the electrical circuit of said heat engine; - a step of opening said throttle valve so as to allow fresh air to circulate in the exhaust circuit (1); - a step of closing said first valve (12) and opening said second valve (13); - a step of activating said air pump (10) in order to suck in fresh air and said electric catalyst (7) in order to heat the fresh air; - a step of deactivating said air pump (10); - a step of opening said first valve (12) and closing said second valve (13); - a step of starting said heat engine; - a step of deactivating said electric catalyst (7).
    [0005]
    A preheating process according to claim 4, characterized in that the step of deactivating said electric catalyst (7) takes place less than one second after the step of starting said heat engine.
    [0006]
    A preheating process according to claim 4, characterized in that the step of deactivating said electric catalyst (7) takes place between one and ten seconds after the step of starting said heat engine.
    [0007]
    Preheating process according to Claim 4, characterized in that the step of deactivating said electric catalyst (7) takes place when said three-way catalyst (4) has reached a temperature of between 250 ° C and 400 ° C.
    [0008]
    Preheating process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the step of deactivating said electric catalyst (7) takes place when said three-way catalyst has reached a temperature of approximately 300 ° C.
    [0009]
    Preheating method according to Claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises, before the step of activating said air pump (10), a step of determining the necessary activation time (t) of said air pump. air (10) and said electric catalyst (7) based on the power of the battery of said vehicle so that the three-way catalyst (4) reaches its optimum operating temperature, the step of activating said air pump (10) and said electric catalyst (7) taking place for a period corresponding to the determined necessary activation time (t).
    [0010]
    Preheating method according to claim 9, characterized in that the step of determining the necessary activation time (t) is carried out by means of an electronic module implementing a computer program.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2021038146A1|2021-03-04|
    FR3100275B1|2021-08-06|
    引用文献:
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    US20100115927A1|2007-04-13|2010-05-13|Keisuke Sano|Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for internal combustion engine|
    US20090133388A1|2007-11-27|2009-05-28|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha|Exhaust gas purification apparatus and exhaust gas purification method|
    US20120204536A1|2011-02-10|2012-08-16|GM Global Technology Operations LLC|Catalytic converter combustion strategy for a hybrid vehicle|
    WO2019033134A1|2017-08-17|2019-02-21|Avl List Gmbh|Arrangement of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system and a preheating apparatus, and method for operating it|
    US20190063352A1|2017-08-25|2019-02-28|Continental Automotive Systems, Inc.|Proactive catalyst heating|
    CN113431669A|2021-08-05|2021-09-24|潍柴动力股份有限公司|Three-way catalyst monitoring method in engine exhaust system and vehicle|
    CN113431668A|2021-08-05|2021-09-24|潍柴动力股份有限公司|Three-way catalyst monitoring method in engine exhaust system and vehicle|
    法律状态:
    2020-07-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2021-03-05| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20210305 |
    2021-07-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1909488A|FR3100275B1|2019-08-29|2019-08-29|PREHEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THREE-WAY CATALYST|
    FR1909488|2019-08-29|FR1909488A| FR3100275B1|2019-08-29|2019-08-29|PREHEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THREE-WAY CATALYST|
    PCT/FR2020/051228| WO2021038146A1|2019-08-29|2020-07-09|Preheating system and method for three-way catalyst|
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